ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Cissampelos pareira L., belonging to Menispermaceae family, has worldwide distribution, occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia. It is the most popular species of Cissampelos, known for its medicinal uses of leaves and roots. The study aims to find distinctive leaf anatomical characters, and also demonstrate the importance of spectral data to identify C. pareira samples, in order to contribute to its taxonomy and quality control of its drugs. Anatomical leaf analyses were performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The spectral profile was obtained from methanolic extracts of C. pareira samples from Brazil and Africa, with application of UV–vis spectrophotometry data, which were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Some anatomical characters such as leaf epidermal cells walls, stomata, trichomes, mesophyll, features of midrib and petiole, and the spectral profile within the wavelength ranging between 770 and 240 nm (eight bands) differs between Brazilian and African samples. The results represent an additional support to the taxonomy of C. pareira, and the quality control of their leaf drugs, mainly in relation to misidentified samples.
ABSTRACT
Ocotea gardneri (Meisn.) Mez é uma espécie arbórea, encontrada no nordeste brasileiro, principalmente nos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco, conhecida por "louro-branco" e "louro-babão". Neste trabalho realizou-se morfodiagnoses (macroscópica e microscópica) de folhas de O. gardneri, com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios à sua caracterização e identificação. Para a morfologia externa, analisaram-se amostras frescas e conservadas em álcool (70º), com auxílio de estereomicroscópio, e observações de campo. Realizaram-se secções transversais em lâminas foliares e pecíolos, e seções paradérmicas nas duas faces de lâminas foliares. Ocotea gardneri possui folhas elípticas a oval-elípticas, margem inteira, levemente ondeada, ápice agudo e base arredondada. A lâmina foliar é hipoestomática com estômatos do tipo paracítico; a epiderme é uniestratificada, com células de paredes retas e espessadas; o mesofilo é isobilateral, aqui referido pela primeira vez para uma espécie de Lauraceae, com células e ductos secretores evidentes e feixes vasculares colaterais envolvidos pela bainha esclerenquimática. Este conjunto de caracteres aliado à morfologia foliar, permitiram o estabelecimento de parâmetros que possibilitarão a caracterização de folhas de Ocotea gardneri em testes de autenticidade, bem como auxiliarão em estudos da taxonomia da espécie estudada.
Ocotea gardneri (Meisn.) Mez is a tree growing in the Northeast of Brazil and mainly found in the States of Paraiba and Pernambuco. It is known in the region as "louro-branco" and "louro-babão". This work was carried out with morphodiagnosis of leaves of O. gardneri for their characterization and identification. The study of external morphology was carried out with fresh and conserved (alcohol, 70º) samples with stereomicroscope complemented by field observations. Anatomical studies were done by transversal sections of leaves (blade and petiole), and paradermic sections in two surfaces of blades. The sections were clarified and stained with astrablue and basic fuchsine. The leaves of O. gardneri are elliptic to oval-elliptic, margin entire, slightly wavy, acute at the apex and rounded at the base. The blade leaf is hypostomatic with stomata of the paracytic type; the epidermis is unisseriate with cells of straight and thickened walls; the mesophyll is isobifacial, which is being related here for the first time for Lauraceae, with secretories cells and ducts and collateral vascular bundles involved by sclerenchymatic shealth. These features allowed the establishment of parameters for characterization of the leaves of Ocotea gardneri, as well as to the taxonomic studies on this species.